Méthodologie

Le tableau ci-dessous documente chaque échelle actuellement utilisée dans Psi. — y compris sa méthode de cotation, sa période de référence et les seuils d'interprétation utilisés dans l'application. Ces seuils sont issus des études de validation originales ou de conventions cliniques largement citées ; en cas d'ambiguïté, le seuil le plus conservateur ou le plus couramment adopté est appliqué. Plusieurs versions reconnues coexistent pour la plupart des échelles ; la version retenue et sa source sont indiquées pour chaque échelle.

Si vous repérez une erreur dans un seuil, une règle de cotation ou tout autre détail — ou si une étude de validation plus récente établit des seuils offrant une meilleure sensibilité et une meilleure spécificité —, n'hésitez pas à nous contacter. L'objectif est que cette référence reste exacte et à jour.

Échelle Nom complet Référence source Lien PubMed DOI
AQ-10Autism Spectrum Quotient (10 items)
Allison, C., Auyeung, B., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2012). Toward brief "Red Flags" for autism screening: The Short Autism Spectrum Quotient and the Short Quantitative Checklist in 1,000 cases and 3,000 controls. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(2), 202–212.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22265366/DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.11.003
AQ-50Autism Spectrum Quotient (50 items)
Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Skinner, R., Martin, J., & Clubley, E. (2001). The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ): evidence from Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(1), 5–17.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11439754/DOI: 10.1023/a:1005653411471
ASRMAltman Self-Rating Mania Scale
Altman, E. G., Hedeker, D., Peterson, J. L., & Davis, J. M. (1997). The Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale. Biological Psychiatry, 42(10), 948–955.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9359982/DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00548-3
ASRSAdult ADHD Self-Report Scale
Kessler, R. C., Adler, L., Ames, M., Demler, O., Faraone, S., Hiripi, E., Howes, M. J., Jin, R., Secnik, K., Spencer, T., Ustun, T. B., & Walters, E. E. (2005). The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Psychological Medicine, 35(2), 245–256.
Version de dépistage utilisée
Kessler, R. C., Adler, L. A., Gruber, M. J., Sarawate, C. A., Spencer, T., & Van Brunt, D. L. (2007). Validity of the World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener in a representative sample of health plan members. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 16(2), 52–65.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15841682/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17623385/		DOI: 10.1017/s0033291704002892
DOI: 10.1002/mpr.208
AUDITAlcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
Saunders, J. B., Aasland, O. G., Babor, T. F., de la Fuente, J. R., & Grant, M. (1993). Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption — II. Addiction, 88(6), 791–804.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329970/DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x
BESBinge Eating Scale
Gormally, J., Black, S., Daston, S., & Rardin, D. (1982). The assessment of binge eating severity among obese persons. Addictive Behaviors, 7(1), 47–55.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7080884/DOI: 10.1016/0306-4603(82)90024-7
BPRS-18Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (18 items)
Overall, J. E., & Gorham, D. R. (1962). The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychological Reports, 10(3), 799–812. (Original 16-item version; the two additional items yielding the 18-item form were introduced later.)
Version utilisée (18 items)
Overall, J. E., Hollister, L. E., & Pichot, P. (1967). Major psychiatric disorders: A four-dimensional model. Archives of General Psychiatry, 16(2), 146–151. (Expanded item set and factor structure; the 18-item form is usually cited as Overall & Gorham, 1988, Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 24, 97–99.)
https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1962.10.3.799
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6019329/		DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1962.10.3.799
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1967.01730200014003
BRMRSBech-Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale
Bech, P., Bolwig, T. G., Kramp, P., & Rafaelsen, O. J. (1979). The Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Scale and the Hamilton Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 59(4), 420–430.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/433633/DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1979.tb04484.x
C-SSRSColumbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale
Posner, K., Brown, G. K., Stanley, B., Brent, D. A., Yershova, K. V., Oquendo, M. A., Currier, G. W., Melvin, G. A., Greenhill, L., Shen, S., & Mann, J. J. (2011). The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: initial validity and internal consistency findings from three multisite studies with adolescents and adults. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(12), 1266–1277.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22193671/DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10111704
CAGECAGE Alcohol Questionnaire
Ewing, J. A. (1984). Detecting alcoholism: the CAGE questionnaire. JAMA, 252(14), 1905–1907.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6471323/DOI: 10.1001/jama.252.14.1905
CDSSCalgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia
Addington, D., Addington, J., & Maticka-Tyndale, E. (1993). Assessing depression in schizophrenia: the Calgary Depression Scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 163(Suppl 22), 39–44.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8110442/DOI: 10.1192/S0007125000292581
DAST-10Drug Abuse Screening Test (10 items)
Skinner, H. A. (1982). The Drug Abuse Screening Test. Addictive Behaviors, 7(4), 363–371.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7183189/DOI: 10.1016/0306-4603(82)90005-3
DES-IIDissociative Experiences Scale – II
Bernstein, E. M., & Putnam, F. W. (1986). Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174(12), 727–735.
Version utilisée (DES-II)
Carlson, E. B., & Putnam, F. W. (1993). An update on the Dissociative Experiences Scale. Dissociation, 6(1), 16–27.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3783140/
https://hdl.handle.net/1794/1539		DOI: 10.1097/00005053-198612000-00004
DOI: none assigned
DOCSDimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale
Abramowitz, J. S., Deacon, B. J., Olatunji, B. O., Wheaton, M. G., Berman, N. C., Losardo, D., Timpano, K. R., McGrath, P. B., Riemann, B. C., Adams, T., Björgvinsson, T., Storch, E. A., & Hale, L. R. (2010). Assessment of obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions: Development and evaluation of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Psychological Assessment, 22(1), 180–198.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20230164/DOI: 10.1037/a0018260
EAT-26Eating Attitudes Test (26 items)
Garner, D. M., Olmsted, M. P., Bohr, Y., & Garfinkel, P. E. (1982). The eating attitudes test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychological Medicine, 12(4), 871–878.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6961471/DOI: 10.1017/s0033291700049163
EPDSEdinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 782–786.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3651732/DOI: 10.1192/bjp.150.6.782
ESSEpworth Sleepiness Scale
Johns, M. W. (1991). A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep, 14(6), 540–545.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1798888/DOI: 10.1093/sleep/14.6.540
FTNDFagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence
Heatherton, T. F., Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C., & Fagerström, K. O. (1991). The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. British Journal of Addiction, 86(9), 1119–1127.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1932883/DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x
GAD-7Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (7 items)
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092–1097.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16717171/DOI: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
GDS-30Geriatric Depression Scale (30 items)
Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., et al. (1982). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17(1), 37–49.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7183759/DOI: 10.1016/0022-3956(82)90033-4
HAM-AHamilton Anxiety Rating Scale
Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32(1), 50–55.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13638508/DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x
HCL-32Hypomania Checklist (32 items)
Angst, J., Adolfsson, R., Benazzi, F., Gamma, A., Hantouche, E., Meyer, T. D., Skeppar, P., Vieta, E., & Scott, J. (2005). The HCL-32: towards a self-assessment tool for hypomanic symptoms in outpatients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 88(2), 217–233.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16125784/DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2005.05.011
HDRS-17Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (17 items)
Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 23(1), 56–62.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14399272/DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56
IES-RImpact of Event Scale – Revised
Weiss, D. S., & Marmar, C. R. (1997). The Impact of Event Scale – Revised. In J. P. Wilson & T. M. Keane (Eds.), Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD (pp. 399–411). Guilford Press.
ISBN: 978-1-57230-162-7
ISIInsomnia Severity Index
Bastien, C. H., Vallières, A., & Morin, C. M. (2001). Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Medicine, 2(4), 297–307.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11438246/DOI: 10.1016/s1389-9457(00)00065-4
MADRSMontgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale
Montgomery, S. A., & Åsberg, M. (1979). A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134(4), 382–389.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/444788/DOI: 10.1192/bjp.134.4.382
MASTMichigan Alcoholism Screening Test
Selzer, M. L. (1971). The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test: the quest for a new diagnostic instrument. American Journal of Psychiatry, 127(12), 1653–1658.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5565851/DOI: 10.1176/ajp.127.12.1653
MDIMajor Depression Inventory
Validité diagnostique
Bech, P., Rasmussen, N.-A., Olsen, L. R., Noerholm, V., & Abildgaard, W. (2001). The sensitivity and specificity of the Major Depression Inventory, using the Present State Examination as the index of diagnostic validity. Journal of Affective Disorders, 66(2-3), 159–164.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11578668/DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00309-8
MDQMood Disorder Questionnaire
Hirschfeld, R. M., Williams, J. B., Spitzer, R. L., Calabrese, J. R., Flynn, L., Keck, P. E., Jr, Lewis, L., McElroy, S. L., Post, R. M., Rapport, D. J., Russell, J. M., Sachs, G. S., & Zajecka, J. (2000). Development and validation of a screening instrument for bipolar spectrum disorder: the Mood Disorder Questionnaire. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(11), 1873–1875.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11058490/DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.11.1873
MSI-BPDMcLean Screening Instrument for BPD
Zanarini, M. C., Vujanovic, A. A., Parachini, E. A., Boulanger, J. L., Frankenburg, F. R., & Hennen, J. (2003). A screening measure for BPD: the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD). Journal of Personality Disorders, 17(6), 568–573.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14744082/DOI: 10.1521/pedi.17.6.568.25355
OCI-RObsessive-Compulsive Inventory – Revised
Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Leiberg, S., Langner, R., Kichic, R., Hajcak, G., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2002). The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: Development and validation of a short version. Psychological Assessment, 14(4), 485–496.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12501574/DOI: 10.1037/1040-3590.14.4.485
PC-PTSD-5Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5
Prins, A., Bovin, M. J., Smolenski, D. J., Marx, B. P., Kimerling, R., Jenkins-Guarnieri, M. A., Kaloupek, D. G., Schnurr, P. P., Kaiser, A. P., Leyva, Y. E., & Tiet, Q. Q. (2016). The Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5): Development and Evaluation Within a Veteran Primary Care Sample. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 31(10), 1206–1211.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27170304/DOI: 10.1007/s11606-016-3703-5
PCL-5PTSD Checklist for DSM-5
Validation psychométrique
Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28(6), 489–498.
Échelle telle qu'utilisée
Weathers, F.W., Litz, B.T., Keane, T.M., Palmieri, P.A., Marx, B.P., & Schnurr, P.P. (2013). The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Scale available from the National Center for PTSD.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26606250/
https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/assessment/adult-sr/ptsd-checklist.asp		DOI: 10.1002/jts.22059
PDSS-SRPanic Disorder Severity Scale
Shear, M. K., Brown, T. A., Barlow, D. H., Money, R., Sholomskas, D. E., Woods, S. W., Gorman, J. M., & Papp, L. A. (1997). Multicenter collaborative Panic Disorder Severity Scale. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154(11), 1571–1575.
Version auto-questionnaire utilisée
Houck, P. R., Spiegel, D. A., Shear, M. K., & Rucci, P. (2002). Reliability of the self-report version of the Panic Disorder Severity Scale. Depression and Anxiety, 15(4), 183–185.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9356566/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12112724/		DOI: 10.1176/ajp.154.11.1571
DOI: 10.1002/da.10049
PHQ-9Patient Health Questionnaire (9 items)
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11556941/DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
SBQ-RSuicidal Behaviors Questionnaire – Revised
Osman, A., Bagge, C. L., Gutierrez, P. M., et al. (2001). The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire – Revised (SBQ-R): validation with clinical and nonclinical samples. Assessment, 8(4), 443–454.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11785588/DOI: 10.1177/107319110100800409
SCOFFSick, Control, One, Fat, Food
Morgan, J. F., Reid, F., & Lacey, J. H. (1999). The SCOFF questionnaire: assessment of a new screening tool for eating disorders. BMJ, 319(7223), 1467–1468.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10582927/DOI: 10.1136/bmj.319.7223.1467
SPTSSScreen for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms
Carlson, E. B. (2001). Psychometric study of a brief screen for PTSD: Assessing the impact of multiple traumatic events. Assessment, 8, 431–441.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11785587/DOI: 10.1177/107319110100800408
YMRSYoung Mania Rating Scale
Young, R. C., Biggs, J. T., Ziegler, V. E., & Meyer, D. A. (1978). A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity. British Journal of Psychiatry, 133(5), 429–435.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/728692/DOI: 10.1192/bjp.133.5.429